@ARTICLE{10.3389/fimmu.2014.00157, AUTHOR={Poutahidis, Theofilos and Kleinewietfeld, Markus and Erdman, Susan}, TITLE={Gut Microbiota and the Paradox of Cancer Immunotherapy}, JOURNAL={Frontiers in Immunology}, VOLUME={5}, YEAR={2014}, URL={https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2014.00157}, DOI={10.3389/fimmu.2014.00157}, ISSN={1664-3224}, ABSTRACT={It is recently shown that beneficial environmental microbes stimulate integrated immune and neuroendocrine factors throughout the body, consequently modulating regulatory T-lymphocyte phenotypes, maintaining systemic immune balance, and determining the fate of preneoplastic lesions toward regression while sustaining whole body good health. Stimulated by a gut microbiota-centric systemic homeostasis hypothesis, we set out to explore the influence of the gut microbiome to explain the paradoxical roles of regulatory T-lymphocytes in cancer development and growth. This paradigm shift places cancer prevention and treatment into a new broader context of holobiont engineering to cultivate a tumor-suppressive macroenvironment.} }