%A Fazel-Rezai,Reza %A Allison,Brendan %A Guger,Christoph %A Sellers,Eric %A Kleih,Sonja %A Kübler,Andrea %D 2012 %J Frontiers in Neuroengineering %C %F %G English %K Brain Computer Interface,P300,event-related potential (ERP),BCI,Trends and Challenges %Q %R 10.3389/fneng.2012.00014 %W %L %M %P %7 %8 2012-July-17 %9 Review %+ Prof Reza Fazel-Rezai,University of North Dakota,Electrical Engineering Department,Grand Forks,58202,ND,United States,reza@engr.und.edu %+ Prof Andrea Kübler,University of Würzburg,Department of Psychology,Würzburg,Germany,Andrea.Kuebler@uni-wuerzburg.de %# %! P300 brain computer interface: current challenges and emerging trends %* %< %T P300 brain computer interface: current challenges and emerging trends %U https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneng.2012.00014 %V 5 %0 JOURNAL ARTICLE %@ 1662-6443 %X A brain-computer interface (BCI) enables communication without movement based on brain signals measured with electroencephalography (EEG). BCIs usually rely on one of three types of signals: the P300 and other components of the event-related potential (ERP), steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP), or event related desynchronization (ERD). Although P300 BCIs were introduced over twenty years ago, the past few years have seen a strong increase in P300 BCI research. This closed-loop BCI approach relies on the P300 and other components of the ERP, based on an oddball paradigm presented to the subject. In this paper, we overview the current status of P300 BCI technology, and then discuss new directions: paradigms for eliciting P300s; signal processing methods; applications; and hybrid BCIs. We conclude that P300 BCIs are quite promising, as several emerging directions have not yet been fully explored and could lead to improvements in bit rate, reliability, usability, and flexibility.