%A Crippa,José A. S. %A Crippa,Ana C. S. %A Hallak,Jaime E. C. %A Martín-Santos,Rocio %A Zuardi,Antonio W. %D 2016 %J Frontiers in Pharmacology %C %F %G English %K Cannabidiol,Epilepsy,cbd,intoxication,Refractory Period, Electrophysiological %Q %R 10.3389/fphar.2016.00359 %W %L %M %P %7 %8 2016-September-30 %9 Case Report %+ José A. S. Crippa,Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, University of São Paulo,Ribeirão Preto, Brazil,jcrippa@fmrp.usp.br %# %! ∆9-THC intoxication by cannabidiol-enriched cannabis extract in children with refractory epilepsy %* %< %T Δ9-THC Intoxication by Cannabidiol-Enriched Cannabis Extract in Two Children with Refractory Epilepsy: Full Remission after Switching to Purified Cannabidiol %U https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2016.00359 %V 7 %0 JOURNAL ARTICLE %@ 1663-9812 %X Animal studies and preliminary clinical trials have shown that cannabidiol (CBD)-enriched extracts may have beneficial effects for children with treatment-resistant epilepsy. However, these compounds are not yet registered as medicines by regulatory agencies. We describe the cases of two children with treatment-resistant epilepsy (Case A with left frontal dysplasia and Case B with Dravet Syndrome) with initial symptom improvement after the introduction of CBD extracts followed by seizure worsening after a short time. The children presented typical signs of intoxication by Δ9-THC (inappropriate laughter, ataxia, reduced attention, and eye redness) after using a CBD-enriched extract. The extract was replaced by the same dose of purified CBD with no Δ9-THC in both cases, which led to improvement in intoxication signs and seizure remission. These cases support pre-clinical and preliminary clinical evidence suggesting that CBD may be effective for some patients with epilepsy. Moreover, the cases highlight the need for randomized clinical trials using high-quality and reliable substances to ascertain the safety and efficacy of cannabinoids as medicines.