AUTHOR=Redman Leanne M., Tam Charmaine S., Covington Jeffrey D., Ravussin Eric 

TITLE=Little evidence of systemic and adipose tissue inflammation in overweight individuals

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Genetics

VOLUME=3

YEAR=2012

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/genetics/articles/10.3389/fgene.2012.00058

DOI=10.3389/fgene.2012.00058

ISSN=1664-8021

ABSTRACT=<p><bold>Context:</bold> The effect of weight loss by diet alone or diet in conjunction with exercise on low-grade inflammation in non-obese (overweight) individuals is not known. <bold>Objective:</bold> Test the hypothesis that 24 weeks of moderate calorie restriction (CR; 25%) by diet only or with aerobic exercise would reduce markers of systemic inflammation and attenuate inflammation gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue. <bold>Design:</bold> Randomized controlled trial. <bold>Setting:</bold> Institutional Research Center. <bold>Participants:</bold> Thirty-five overweight (body mass index: 27.8 ± 0.7 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) but otherwise healthy participants (16M/19F) completed the study. <bold>Intervention:</bold> Participants were randomized to either CR (25% reduction in energy intake, <italic>n</italic> = 12), caloric restriction + exercise (CR + EX: 12.5% reduction in energy intake + 12.5% increase in exercise energy expenditure, <italic>n</italic> = 12), or control (healthy weight-maintenance diet, <italic>n</italic> = 11) for 6 months. <bold>Main outcome measures:</bold> Fasting serum markers of inflammation [leptin, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), adiponectin] and inflammation-related genes [CD68, IL-6, TNF-α, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), adiponectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)] in subcutaneous adipose tissue. <bold>Results:</bold> CR and CR + EX lost similar amounts of body weight (–10 ± 1%), fat mass (–24 ± 3%), visceral fat (–27 ± 3%), and had increased insulin sensitivity (CR: 40 ± 20%, CR + EX: 66 ± 22%). Leptin was significantly decreased from baseline (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001) in both groups however TNF-α and IL-6 were not changed. hsCRP was decreased in CR + EX. There was no change in the expression of genes involved in macrophage infiltration (CD68, MIF MCP-1, PAI-1) or inflammation (IL-6, TNF-α, adiponectin) in either CR or CR + EX. <bold>Conclusion:</bold> A 10% weight loss with a 25% CR diet alone or with exercise did not impact markers of systemic inflammation or the expression of inflammation-related adipose genes in overweight individuals.</p>