AUTHOR=Lysnyansky Inna , Ayling Roger D. 

TITLE=Mycoplasma bovis: Mechanisms of Resistance and Trends in Antimicrobial Susceptibility

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=7

YEAR=2016

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00595

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2016.00595

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Mycoplasma bovis</italic> is a cell-wall-less bacterium and belongs to the class <italic>Mollicutes</italic>. It is the most important etiological agent of bovine mycoplasmoses in North America and Europe, causing respiratory disease, mastitis, otitis media, arthritis, and reproductive disease. Clinical disease associated with <italic>M. bovis</italic> is often chronic, debilitating, and poorly responsive to antimicrobial therapy, resulting in significant economic loss, the full extent of which is difficult to estimate. Until <italic>M. bovis</italic> vaccines are universally available, sanitary control measures and antimicrobial treatment are the only approaches that can be used in attempts to control <italic>M. bovis</italic> infections. However, <italic>in vitro</italic> studies show that many of the current <italic>M. bovis</italic> isolates circulating in Europe have high minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for many of the commercially available antimicrobials. In this review we summarize the current MIC trends indicating the development of antimicrobial resistance in <italic>M. bovis</italic> as well as the known molecular mechanisms by which resistance is acquired.</p>