AUTHOR=Ouedraogo Abdoul-Salam , Dunyach-Remy Catherine , Kissou Aimée , Sanou Soufiane , Poda Armel , Kyelem Carole G. , Solassol Jérôme , Bañuls Anne-Laure , Van De Perre Philippe , Ouédraogo Rasmata , Jean-Pierre Hélène , Lavigne Jean-Philippe , Godreuil Sylvain 

TITLE=High Nasal Carriage Rate of Staphylococcus aureus Containing Panton-Valentine leukocidin- and EDIN-Encoding Genes in Community and Hospital Settings in Burkina Faso

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=7

YEAR=2016

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01406

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2016.01406

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p>The objectives of the present study were to investigate the rate of <italic>S</italic>.aureus nasal carriage and molecular characteristics in hospital and community settings in Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Nasal samples (<italic>n</italic> = 219) were collected from 116 healthy volunteers and 103 hospitalized patients in July and August 2014. Samples were first screened using CHROMagar Staph aureus chromogenic agar plates, and <italic>S. aureus</italic> strains were identified by mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested using the disk diffusion method on Müller-Hinton agar. All <italic>S. aureus</italic> isolates were genotyped using DNA microarray. Overall, the rate of <italic>S. aureus</italic> nasal carriage was 32.9% (72/219) with 29% in healthy volunteers and 37% in hospital patients. Among the <italic>S. aureus</italic> isolates, only four methicillin-resistant <italic>S. aureus</italic> (MRSA) strains were identified and all in hospital patients (3.9%). The 72 <italic>S. aureus</italic> isolates from nasal samples belonged to 16 different clonal complexes, particularly to CC 152-MSSA (22 clones) and CC1-MSSA (nine clones). Two clones were significantly associated with community settings: CC1-MSSA and CC45-MSSA. The MRSA strains belonged to the ST88-MRSA-IV or the CC8-MRSA-V complex. A very high prevalence of toxinogenic strains 52.2% (36/69), containing Panton-Valentine leucocidin- and EDIN-encoding genes, was identified among the <italic>S. aureus</italic> isolates in community and hospital settings. This study provides the first characterization of <italic>S. aureus</italic> clones and their genetic characteristics in Burkina Faso. Altogether, it highlights the low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, high diversity of methicillin-sensitive <italic>S. aureus</italic> clones and high frequency of toxinogenic <italic>S. aureus</italic> strains.</p>