AUTHOR=Khan Ali N. , Shair Faluk , Malik Kamran , Hayat Zafar , Khan Muhammad Ayub , Hafeez Fauzia Yusuf , Hassan Muhammad Nadeem 

TITLE=Molecular Identification and Genetic Characterization of Macrophomina phaseolina Strains Causing Pathogenicity on Sunflower and Chickpea

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Microbiology

VOLUME=8

YEAR=2017

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/microbiology/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01309

DOI=10.3389/fmicb.2017.01309

ISSN=1664-302X

ABSTRACT=<p><italic>Macrophomina phaseolina</italic> is the most devastating pathogen which causes charcoal rot and root rot diseases in various economically important crops. Three strains <italic>M. phaseolina</italic> 1156, <italic>M. phaseolina</italic> 1160, and <italic>M. phaseolina</italic> PCMC/F1 were tested for their virulence on sunflower (<italic>Helianthus annuus</italic> L.) and chickpea (<italic>Cicer arietinum</italic> L.). The strains showed high virulence on both hosts with a disease score of 2 on chickpea and sunflower. The strains also increased the hydrogen per oxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) content by 1.4- to 1.6-fold in root as well as shoot of chickpea and sunflower. A significant increase in antioxidant enzymes was observed in fungal infected plants which indicated prevalence of oxidative stress during pathogen propagation. The <italic>M. phaseolina</italic> strains also produced hydrolytic enzymes such as lipase, amylase, and protease with solubilization zone of 5–43 mm, 5–45 mm, and 12–35 mm, respectively. The <italic>M. phaseolina</italic> strains were identified by 18S rRNA and analyzed for genetic diversity by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The findings based on RAPD markers and 18S rRNA sequence analysis clearly indicate genetic variation among the strains collected from different hosts. The genetically diverse strains were found to be pathogenic to sunflower and chickpea.</p>