AUTHOR=Li Qi , Shi Lin , Lu Gang , Yu Hong-Luan , Yeung Fu-Ki , Wong Nai-Kei , Sun Lin , Liu Kai , Yew David , Pan Fang , Wang De-Feng , Sham Pak C. TITLE=Chronic Ketamine Exposure Causes White Matter Microstructural Abnormalities in Adolescent Cynomolgus Monkeys JOURNAL=Frontiers in Neuroscience VOLUME=11 YEAR=2017 URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2017.00285 DOI=10.3389/fnins.2017.00285 ISSN=1662-453X ABSTRACT=
Acute and repeated exposures to ketamine mimic aspects of positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia in humans. Recent studies by our group and others have shown that chronicity of ketamine use may be a key element for establishing a more valid model of cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. However, current understanding on the long-term consequences of ketamine exposure on brain circuits has remained incomplete, particularly with regard to microstructural changes of white matter tracts that underpin the neuropathology of schizophrenia. Thus, the present study aimed to expand on previous investigations by examining causal effects of repeated ketamine exposure on white matter integrity in a non-human primate model. Ketamine or saline (control) was administered intravenously for 3 months to male adolescent cynomolgus monkeys (