AUTHOR=van der Kemp Wybe J. M. , Stehouwer Bertine L. , Runge Jurgen H. , Wijnen Jannie P. , Nederveen Aart J. , Luijten Peter R. , Klomp Dennis W. J. 

TITLE=Glycerophosphocholine and Glycerophosphoethanolamine Are Not the Main Sources of the In Vivo31P MRS Phosphodiester Signals from Healthy Fibroglandular Breast Tissue at 7 T

JOURNAL=Frontiers in Oncology

VOLUME=6

YEAR=2016

URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/oncology/articles/10.3389/fonc.2016.00029

DOI=10.3389/fonc.2016.00029

ISSN=2234-943X

ABSTRACT=<sec id="ST1"><title>Purpose</title><p>The identification of the phosphodiester (PDE) <sup>31</sup>P MR signals in the healthy human breast at ultra-high field.</p></sec><sec id="ST2"><title>Methods</title><p><italic>In vivo</italic><sup>31</sup>P MRS measurements at 7 T of the PDE signals in the breast were performed investigating the chemical shifts, the transverse- and the longitudinal relaxation times. Chemical shifts and transverse relaxation times were compared with non-ambiguous PDE signals from the liver.</p></sec><sec id="ST3"><title>Results</title><p>The chemical shifts of the PDE signals are shifted −0.5 ppm with respect to glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE), and the transverse and longitudinal relaxation times for these signals are a factor 3 to 4 shorter than expected for aqueous GPC and GPE.</p></sec><sec id="ST4"><title>Conclusion</title><p>The available experimental evidence suggests that GPC and GPE are not the main source of the PDE signals measured in fibroglandular breast tissue at 7 T. These signals may predominantly originate from mobile phospholipids.</p></sec>